The Internet (or internet) is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of

internet

  

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A means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and servers. When two computers are connected over the Internet, they can send and receive all kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice, video, and computer programs.
No one owns Internet, although several organizations the world over collaborate in its functioning and development. The high-speed, fiber-optic cables (called backbones) through which the bulk of the Internet data travels are owned by telephone companies in their respective countries. The Internet grew out of the Advanced Research Projects Agency's Wide Area Network (then called ARPANET) established by the US Department Of Defense in 1960s for collaboration in military research among business and government laboratories. Later universities and other US institutions connected to it. This resulted in ARPANET growing beyond everyone's expectations and acquiring the name 'Internet.' The development of hypertext based technology (called World Wide web, WWW, or just the Web) provided means of displaying text, graphics, and animations, and easy search and navigation tools that triggered Internet's explosive worldwide growth.

Today, Internet is one of the most widely used functionality irrespective of age, experience and other considerations, and changed the way of human life in an unimaginable manner. Internet is a network of networks interconnecting thousands of smaller computer networks worldwide to share information and communicate with one another. A set of protocols is responsible for enhanced transfer of data across millions of computers interconnected through internet. The components of Internet along with the underlying architecture are all responsible for sharing of resources. In the subsequent sections of this article, we will discuss more about what is Internet, its architecture, and how internet works.

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History of Internet

Way back in 1970 it was started by United Sates of America as Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) wherein they linked computers to ease the transfer of data. Later on in 1980’s the National Science Foundation derived something called NSFNET which has later become the Internet. Today Internet is a huge network of computers connected to numerous networks across the globe being accessed by millions of users. The Internet has further been improved by development of services like World Wide Web and Gopher.

What is Internet: Architecture

The main architecture revolves round the hardware components and a system of many Software layers. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) handles the responsibility of Internet architectural design. IETF develops certain standards that are feasible to all through a series of publications called Request for Comments (RFC) and they further constitute Internet Standards. This describes a Protocol suite named Internet Protocol Suite. The model architecture divides the methods into layers of which Top layer is named Application layer and below it is the Transport layer that hosts Client-Server Model with typical data exchange methods. The main layer named Internet layer enables computers to identify and locate each other via Internet Protocol (IP) addresses and allows them to connect to one another. (know more – difference between IPv4 and IPv6) The last layer is the Link layer that provides connection between hosts on the same local networks like Local Area Network (LAN) or in some cases Dial Up connections. The basic algorithm of a set of protocols is the entire underlying factor that allows for sharing of resources across millions of interconnected networks. This model has also been called TCP/IP model wherein these layers are independent of its underlying Hardware.

An Insight into the components of Internet

The various components of Internet are e-mail, FTP and Usenet groups. The most widely used part of the Internet is World Wide Web (WWW) which is a consortium for introducing web pages and supports text, images, videos and multimedia. It is a regulated service that runs on the Internet and is based on Client Server Computing model. Each time a client requests a document from Web Server, through a certain mechanism, the server uses a protocol called Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to fulfill the request.  All the content and web pages are visible on various kinds of web browsers. In order to view a web page, you need to type the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that is unique to each domain. The term Domain Name describes the publishers name or who published that particular page. Some of the most common Domain names end with com, org, net, info, edu, etc. Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) purchase services from larger networks and in turn shares their resources to various interlinked local connections.

How does Internet work

The web world works on the most outstanding Client-Server Model wherein the Client (browser) runs on a local computer and the Server runs on a web host. In order to use the web you need to type the URL and the browser makes the connection to a server using HTTP protocol. Then the server accepts the connection and sends the file back to the browser and thus closes the connection. It is the duty of the web browsers to interpret the HTML pages and display them efficiently.

How to connect to Internet and Its cost fundamentals

There are millions of users belonging to various fields of occupations connecting to Internet from various places around the world. It is not only limited to the educated but has rampantly attracted others too. You can connect to the Internet through Phone Line, Cable, DSL and Wireless and you need to connect to Internet Service Provider and thus can enjoy uninterrupted access. Every one who uses Internet should pay for the service to their local service providers while they in turn purchase from the larger networks. So at every level there are certain price functionalities that are framed. Today, it is true to say that Internet is the backbone for every organization or business establishment or companies or rather for any existence in order to build up business or to further establish interactions.

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information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure toWW) and the infrastructure to support email. <3